AI in 1997
2 milestones in artificial intelligence
CompetitionQuiet Emergence
Deep Blue Defeats Kasparov
IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match (3.5-2.5). It was the first time a reigning world champion lost a match to a computer under standard tournament conditions. Deep Blue evaluated 200 million positions per second using brute-force search and hand-crafted evaluation.
Garry KasparovIBM
ResearchQuiet Emergence
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Hochreiter and Schmidhuber published the LSTM architecture, solving the vanishing gradient problem that plagued recurrent neural networks. LSTMs could learn long-range dependencies in sequential data by maintaining a memory cell with gates that controlled information flow.
Sepp HochreiterJürgen SchmidhuberTechnical University of Munich